Devices and methods for removal of material in a vasculature

ABSTRACT

Devices and methods may allow for the removal of material from a remote location in the vasculature. In an example of such a remote location, the device may be used in the vasculature of a lower extremity in combination with an external cuff. The external cuff may create a dam preventing material from flowing throughout the body. With the external cuff in place, the device of the present disclosure may be utilized to suction the material from the vasculature while rotating the catheter to assist in the removal of the material.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/535,361, filed Nov. 24, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,376,035,which is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/US2021/016886, filed Feb. 5, 2021, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent No. 62/971,424, filed Feb. 7, 2020 and U.S.Provisional Patent No. 63/036,091, filed Jun. 8, 2020, the contents ofeach of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to devices and methods forremoval of material in a vasculature. More particularly, the presentdisclosure relates to devices and methods combining suction through acatheter and rotation of a catheter to remove material in a vasculature.

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic interventions may be performed in the lower extremity due toblockages in the vasculature such as chronic total occlusions, longlesions, and focal lesions. These interventions often occur in thefemoral popliteal or infra popliteal vasculature. Physicians will treatthese conditions using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA),stenting, and/or atherectomy devices. Often times the thrombus, clot,and distal emboli involved in these interventional procedures needs tobe removed. A need exists for removal of material from a vasculature.

BRIEF SUMMARY

According to an embodiment, a device for removing material from avasculature may include a catheter having a lumen, a proximal end, and adistal tip; a proximal rotating element coupled to the proximal end ofthe catheter, the proximal rotating element configured to rotate thecatheter; and a negative pressure element configured to create acontrolled suction within a chamber of the device to remove the materialfrom the vasculature, wherein the distal tip of the catheter rotates toassist in removal of the material from the vasculature, and wherein thenegative pressure element and the chamber remain stationary duringrotation of the proximal rotating element and the catheter.

According to an embodiment, the proximal rotating element may include atrigger configured to generate a linear motion; and an actuation systemconfigured to translate the linear motion into a rotational motion, therotational motion configured to rotate the catheter.

According to an embodiment, the trigger may include a lever, a highpivot point trigger, or a low pivot point trigger.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system may include a rack, apinon gear, and a crown gear.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system may include a linkage,a half-moon gear, and a crown gear.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system may include a linkage,a cam, and a cam follower.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system may include a cable, apulley, a spindle, and a return spring.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system may include a gear set,a helix, and a pair of shuttles.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system may include a gear set,a constant force spring, and a one-way locking bearing.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system is separated from aliquid flow path configured to contain the material being removed fromthe vasculature.

According to an embodiment, the device may include a rotational seal,the rotational seal configured to allow the negative pressure element toremain stationary during rotation of the proximal rotating element andthe catheter.

According to an embodiment, the proximal rotating element may beconfigured to alternately rotate the catheter in a clockwise andcounter-clockwise direction.

According to an embodiment, the proximal rotating element and thecatheter may rotate in a first direction upon depression of a triggerand rotate in a second, opposite direction upon release of the trigger.

According to an embodiment, the negative pressure element may include avalve configured to control the suction in the chamber; and a lockingplunger.

According to an embodiment, the negative pressure element may include abellows; and a spring-biased piston.

According to an embodiment, the negative pressure element may include asuction barb.

According to an embodiment, the device may include a surface feature onan outer surface of the catheter, the surface feature configured toscrape an interior wall of the vasculature.

According to an embodiment, a method for removing material from avasculature may include applying an external pressure cuff distal to alocation for treatment; inserting a catheter into the vasculature andlocating a distal tip of the catheter at the location for treatment;creating a suction within a chamber of a device; rotating the distal tipof the catheter; and suctioning material from the vasculature through alumen of the catheter and into the chamber of the device, whereinrotating the distal tip of the catheter assists in removal of thematerial from the vasculature, and wherein the chamber remainsstationary during rotation of the distal tip of the catheter.

According to an embodiment, applying the external pressure cuff distalto the location for treatment may create a dam within the vasculaturepreventing flow distally from the cuff.

According to an embodiment, creating the suction within the chamber ofthe device may include closing a valve and withdrawing a plunger fromthe chamber, thus creating a suction force within the chamber and thenopening the valve to suction the material from the vasculature, throughthe lumen of the catheter, and into the chamber.

According to an embodiment, the device may allow for creation of acontrolled suction.

According to an embodiment, rotating the distal tip of the catheter mayinclude repeatedly depressing and releasing a trigger to cause continualrotation of the catheter.

According to an embodiment, rotating the distal tip of the catheter mayalternate between rotation in a clockwise and counter-clockwisedirection.

According to an embodiment, the method may include performing aninterventional procedure in the vasculature, wherein the material isdebris caused by the interventional procedure.

According to an embodiment, a device for removing material from avasculature may include a catheter having a lumen, a proximal end, and adistal tip; an actuation system coupled to the proximal end of thecatheter, the actuation system configured to rotate the catheter; and alocking syringe configured to create a controlled suction within a lumenof the device to remove the material from the vasculature, wherein thedistal tip of the catheter rotates to assist in removal of the materialfrom the vasculature, and wherein the locking syringe remains stationaryduring rotation of catheter.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system comprises a trigger, ahelix gear, a gear/drive, a helix, a drive shuttle a free shuttle and acompression spring.

According to an embodiment, the device further comprising a slip ring,the slip ring configured to reduce friction between the compressionspring and the drive shuttle.

According to an embodiment, the actuation system is configured totranslate linear motion of a trigger into rotation motion of gears andthe catheter.

According to an embodiment, a valve, the valve configured to allow flowfrom the lumen into the locking syringe and prevent flow from thelocking syringe into the lumen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of theinvention and together with the detailed description serve to explainthe principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary device, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary device of FIG. 1 ,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3A-3C show an exemplary method employing a device, according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary device, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary device of FIG. 4 ,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6A shows an exemplary device, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6B shows an exemplary device, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6C shows an exemplary device, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary device, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary device of FIG. 7 ,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary device, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary device of FIG. 9 ,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 11A-11F show exemplary catheter tips for use in a device,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows a method, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary device, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary device of FIG. 13, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows an exemplary device, according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary device of FIG. 15, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary device, accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows a side view of the syringe and actuation device of FIG. 17, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods of suctioningmaterial through a catheter and rotating the catheter to assist inremoval of the material. In an example method, the device is used inconjunction with an external cuff placed distal to the location of aninterventional procedure to be performed and/or distal to the locationof the device in the vasculature. The cuff occludes the vasculature. Thedistal end of the catheter is placed in the vasculature near the damcaused by the external cuff. Using rotation of the catheter and suctionthrough the catheter, material is removed from the vasculature throughthe device. The material may be debris caused by an interventionalprocedure and/or may be other material (e.g., blood clot, occlusion)located in the vasculature. In example devices, actuation systems areprovided that convert the linear motion caused by pulling a handletrigger to a rotational motion of the distal tip of the catheter. Suchlinear motion conversion may be achieved with gears, cams, and/orcables. The device may allow for controlled suction through thecatheter.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , an exemplary device 10 is shown. Device 10has a configuration to allow for suction and spinning of a catheter 60and generally includes a handle 14 with a trigger 18, a plunger 24, andan actuation system 48. The device 10 may include a lateral portion 12and the handle 14. The lateral portion 12 and handle 14 may have ahousing 16. The housing 16 may be a unitary housing or may comprise morethan one housing portion coupled together. The lateral portion 12 andthe handle 14 may be formed together as a single, unitary component ormay be formed as separate components coupled together.

The catheter 60 may be a hollow, cylindrical catheter having a lumen.The catheter 60 may be sized in both diameter and length based on theparticular vasculature being treated, the procedure being performed, orboth. The catheter 60 may have a proximal end coupled to the actuationsystem 48 with a coupling 58. The catheter 60 may have a distal end. Thedistal end may be placed proximate the location to be treated in thevasculature during use of the device 10. The distal end may include anopening into the lumen of the catheter 60. In some examples, the distalend of the catheter 60 may be equipped with a distal tip structure, suchas shown and described in FIGS. 11A-11F.

The catheter 60 and/or device 10 may be further configured to contactthe vasculature to loosen, scrape or otherwise contact impediments thatexist in a targeted area. In an example, the catheter 60 may include asurface feature on the outer surface of the catheter. The surfacefeature may provide an abrasive outer surface to the catheter 60. Thesurface feature may be, for example, but not limited to, a coating,profile, protrusions, texture, roughened surface, etc. The catheter 60may have a pipe cleaner type of outer characteristic. The catheter 60may have a roughened outer surface. The outer surface of the catheter 60may act as an agent that would lightly scrape the walls of thevasculature to loosen any impediments or loose impediments on the wallof the vasculature as the catheter 60 is rotated and/or translatedlongitudinally through the vasculature. Other parts of the device 10 mayalso be configured to accomplish this functionality.

The handle 14 may include the trigger 18 and a biasing member 20 (FIG. 2). The trigger 18 may be biased outward with respect to the handle 14 bythe biasing member 20. Alternatively, the trigger 18 may be biasedinward. The trigger 18 may be biased to a rest or inactive position. Thebiasing member 20 may be a spring, such as a coil spring, although otherbiasing devices are contemplated. The biasing member 20 may begin in aneutral state to be compressed by the trigger 18 during actuation of thedevice 10. When force is released from the trigger 18, the compressedbiasing member 20 may extend back to the neutral state.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the lateral portion 12 may include a chamber 22and the plunger 24. The chamber 22 may be a hollow chamber, such as, forexample, a hollow, cylindrical chamber. Other shapes of the chamber 22are contemplated. The chamber 22 may include a window 26. The window 26may allow for viewing, measuring, and/or monitoring of material to becollected in the chamber 22. The window 26 may be located on a sidesurface of the device 10, however alternative locations, such as, forexample, the top or alternate side of the device 10 are consider. In anembodiment, the window 26 may extend around several sides of the devicein a semi-cylindrical or cylindrical manner. The window 26 may includemarks 28. The chamber 22 may include a lock 30 extending from an innerwall of the chamber 22. The lock 30 may extend downward from an inner,upper surface of the chamber 22, although other locations arecontemplated. Although depicted as a triangular cross-section orgenerally trapezoidal or frustoconical shape, the lock 30 may have anyshape. The shape of the lock 30 may mate, conform, or correspond to theshape of one or more notches 32 on the plunger 24. Although depicted anddescribed as a lock and notch arrangement, other devices or arrangementsthat prevent relative movement of the plunger 24 with respect to thechamber 22 may be contemplated.

The plunger 24 may be cylindrical, although other shapes of the plunger24 are contemplated. The plunger 24 may have a perimeter or shape thatcorresponds, conforms, or mates with an internal surface or shape of thechamber 22. For example, the chamber 22 may be a hollow cylinder and theplunger 24 may be a cylinder. In this manner, the plunger 24 may beadapted to move with respect to the chamber 22. The plunger 24 mayinclude one or more notches 32. The one or more notches 32 may belocated on the plunger 24 such that the one or more notches 32 may beselectively aligned with the lock 30. For example, where the lock 30extends downward from an inner, upper surface of the chamber 22, the oneor more notches 32 may extend downward form an outer, upper surface ofthe plunger 24. The one or more notches 32 may be openings, grooves,slots, indentations, or other shapes formed within the body of theplunger 24. The one or more notches 32 may be a single notch or groovethat extends along the surface of the plunger 24. The one or morenotches 32 may be a helical groove. The one or more notches 32 may bespaced along the plunger 24 to correspond to a volume or degree ofvacuum allowed in the chamber 22. The plunger 24 may include a forwardend 34 and a rear end 35. The forward end 34 may have an outer diameterthat seals with an inner diameter of the chamber 22. The rear end 35 mayallow for a user to push or pull or otherwise move the plunger 24 withrespect to the chamber 22.

The lateral portion 12 may include a valve 36 and a valve 38. The valve36 may be a manual stop valve. A user may rotate a knob 40 of the valve36 to open and/or close the valve 36. The valve 36 may be opened andclosed in an incremental fashion such that there exists partially openedor partially closed positions of the valve 36. Each turn of the knob 40may open or close the valve 36 a predetermined degree. The valve 36 maybe a ball valve. For example, the knob 40 may rotate a shaft 42 thatrotates a ball 44. The ball 44 may have an opening therethrough.Rotation of the knob 40 may align, partially align, and/or misalign theopening of the ball 44 with a lumen, such as, for example, the lumen 46.The valve 38 may be a one-way valve. The valve 38 may permit fluid toflow from the lumen 46 into the chamber 22 but prohibit or prevent fluidfrom flowing from the chamber 22 to the lumen 46.

The lateral portion 12 may include the actuation system 48. Theactuation system 48 may allow the trigger 18 to actuate a correspondingeffect in a catheter, as will be described in more detail to follow. Theactuation system 48 may include a rack 50, a pinion gear 52, and a crowngear 54. An interface 56, such as, for example, a rotational seal, maybe located along the lumen 46 between the actuation system 48 and thevalve 36. The interface 56 may allow the actuation system 48 to rotatewithout also rotating the valves 36 and 38. The interface 56 may preventthe chamber 22, plunger 24, valve 36, valve 38, and trigger 18 fromrotating with the pinion gear 52, crown gear 54, and catheter 60. Therack 50 may be operably coupled to the trigger 18. The rack 50 may beintegral or unitarily formed with the trigger 18. A coupling 58 maycouple the actuation system 48 to a catheter 60. Thus, the actuationsystem 48 may impart a function, such as, for example, a rotationalmovement, on the catheter 60. The lumen 46 may extend from the catheter60, through the coupling 58, crown gear 54, pinion gear 52, interface56, valve 36, and valve 38. In this manner, material (e.g., fluid,debris, solid particles, etc.) may be transmitted from a lumen of thecatheter 60 into the chamber 22 via the lumen 46.

The rack 50, pinion gear 52, and crown gear 54 may be selected based onthe desired degree of rotation based on each depression of the trigger18. The crown gear 54 may be a reduction gear. The crown gear 54 may besized to achieve a desired number of rotations of the catheter 60 peractuation of the trigger 18. The smaller the crown gear 54, the morerotations of the catheter 60 may be achieved per actuation of thetrigger 18. The coupling 58 may be a standard luer lock for coupling thecatheter 60 to the device 10.

In operation, an interventional procedure may be performed within avasculature of patient, such as, for example, an artery of a lowerextremity of the patient as depicted in FIGS. 3A-3C. Other uses arecontemplated, including, for example, arms or any appendage. Forexample, the user may remove, destroy or otherwise break-up a blockageor obstruction in the vasculature during a previously or concurrentlyperformed interventional procedure. For example, the interventionalprocedure may include, but is not limited to, thrombectomy, atherectomy,stenting, balloon angioplasty, and other processes to recannulate avessel. Although described in conjunction with an interventional device,in an exemplary use, the device may be used alone, not in conjunctionwith a separate interventional procedure/device. That is, for example,the device may perform the interventional procedure. For example, thedevice may remove material, such as, for example, but not limited, to aclot, within the vasculature.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3C, an external cuff 62 may be placed distal tothe location 64 of the material to be removed (e.g., distal to thelocation of an interventional procedure and/or distal to the locationwithin the vasculature where the device is employed). The external cuff62 may create a dam, blockage, or occlusion within the vasculature 66such that material disturbed during use of the device (and/or during theinterventional procedure, if applicable) may not flow in the vasculature66 past the location of the external cuff 62. The external cuff 62 maybe a cuff placed around the external surface of the patient. In theexample where the device is employed in a lower extremity of thepatient, the external cuff may be placed around the external surface ofthe lower extremity distal to the location where the distal end of thecatheter of the device is placed and/or distal of the interventionalprocedure (e.g., around the outside of the leg as shown in FIG. 3A).

The external cuff 62 may operate as a tourniquet or cuff to restrictflow within the vasculature 66. The external cuff 62 may restrict flowin the vasculature 66 distal to the location of the cuff 62. Therestriction of flow due to the cuff 62 may create a dam within thevasculature 66. The external cuff 62 may allow for monitoring and/oradjustment during the procedure (e.g., during use of the device of thepresent disclosure). The external cuff 62 may allow for adjustment ofthe pressure and/or flow within the vasculature. That is, afterplacement of the external cuff 62 on the patient, a medical professionalmay monitor the blood pressure within the vasculature being treated andadjust the pressure applied by the cuff 62 as necessary throughout theduration of the procedure (and/or use of the device 10). This may allowfor the medical professional to control the restriction of flow distalto the cuff 62. If pressure within the vasculature increases, forexample, the medical professional may adjust the cuff 62 accordingly toensure the restriction of flow distal to the cuff is maintained.

The interventional procedure may occur prior to use of the device 10 orconcurrently therewith. The interventional procedure may occur prior toinsertion of the catheter 60, after insertion of the catheter 60, orconcurrently therewith. In some examples, no interventional proceduremay be performed and the device 10 may be employed to perform theinterventional procedure with no other devices or systems. For example,in FIG. 3B, the interventional procedure may be performed afterinstallation of the cuff 62, but before use of the device 10. In thecase of FIG. 3B, the interventional procedure may be an atherectomy.Although, as discussed, other procedures are contemplated and the device10 may be used alone, not in conjunction with an interventionalprocedure/device. In FIG. 3B, the interventional procedure may use aninterventional device 68 that breaks up or disturbs an obstruction 70.Such a break up or destruction of the obstruction 70 may cause debris72.

In use of the device 10 (or any of the devices described herein), a usermay insert the catheter 60 in the vasculature 66 of the patient, asshown in FIG. 3C. A distal end 74 of the catheter 60 may be located nearthe location 64 of and upstream of the dam created by the external cuff(This may also be a location near the location of an interventionalprocedure, if applicable). The device 10 may suction or vacuum material(e.g., debris 72) from the location 64 of the distal end 74 of thecatheter 60 through the distal end 74 of the catheter 60, up through alumen of the catheter 60, and into the chamber 22 of the device 10. Ifan interventional procedure is also performed, the suctioning may occursimultaneously with the interventional procedure, after completion ofthe interventional procedure, or a combination thereof. The catheter 60may rotate before, after, or simultaneously with the suctioning ofmaterial. Rotation of the catheter 60 may create turbulent flow whichmay facilitate entry of the material and fluid (e.g., blood) into thelumen of the catheter 60. Rotation of the catheter 60 may create avortex at the distal top of the catheter 60 to upend the material.Rotation of the catheter 60 may agitate material, prevent or prohibitmaterial from settling in any one location with the vasculature, and/orsuspend the material within the fluid in the vasculature. This mayenhance or promote the removal of material from the vasculature.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3C, during use, the device 10 begins withthe valve 36 in a closed position. The user inserts the catheter 60 intothe vasculature being treated. Once at the desired location within thevasculature (e.g., a location near or within the dam created by theexternal cuff), the user may move the plunger 24 rearward (e.g., to theleft in FIG. 2 ) with respect to a front end of the device 10. The usermay rotate the plunger 24 such that a notch 32 aligned with the lock 30is moved out of alignment. The user may then slide or pull the plunger24 rearward. The lock 30 may not interfere with the outer surface of theplunger 24 during movement. When the desired position of the plunger 24is achieved, the user may rotate the plunger 24 such that one of thenotches 32 is in alignment with the lock 30. This may prevent theplunger 24 from moving with respect to the chamber 22 during use of thedevice 10. The lock 30, when engaged, may prevent the vacuum within thechamber 22 from pulling the plunger 24 into the chamber 22.

The user may select the appropriate notch 32 to align with the lock 30based on the desired vacuum, based on a desired amount of material to becollected in the chamber 22, or a combination thereof. Each notch 32 mayalign with a predetermined vacuum force or chamber volume, or both, thatthe user may select from. For example, if the user desires a smallamount of material to be collected or small vacuum force, the user mayselect a notch 32 closer to the rear end 35 such that the chamber 22 isreduced as compared to the total available volume of the chamber 22. Ifthe user desires a large amount of material to be collected or largevacuum force, the user may select a notch 32 closer to the forward end34 such that the chamber 22 is enlarged to the total volume or closer tothe total available volume. Selecting the desired volume and vacuum ofthe chamber 22 may allow for the device to perform a controlled suctionat the distal end of the catheter 60 within the vasculature.

Once the plunger 24 is in the desired location and locked in place, theuser may turn the knob 40 to open the valve 36. Since the plunger 24 ismoved with the valve 36 in a closed position a vacuum or negativepressure is created within the chamber 22. The plunger 24 and the valve36 may form a negative pressure element. When the valve 36 is opened,material or fluid may be pulled by the negative pressure or vacuum inthe chamber 22. That is, fluid and material in the vasculature at thedistal end of the catheter 60 may flow through the lumen of the catheter60, through the lumen 46 of the device 10, and into the chamber 22. Auser may watch the amount of fluid and/or material collecting in thechamber 22 through the view window 26. The graduated marks 28 may allowthe user to monitor and record the amount of material and/or fluidcollected. The valve 38 may prevent any of the collected materials fromtraveling back out of the chamber 22, through the lumen 46 and back intothe vasculature of the patient.

The suction effect of the device 10 may be operated independently of therotation of the catheter 60 of the device 10 and vice versa. A user mayelect to operate the suction before, after, or concurrently withrotation of the catheter 60. To rotate the catheter 60, the user maydepress the trigger 18 against the force of the biasing member 20. Asthe trigger 18 is operatively coupled to the rack 50, depression of thetrigger 18 may cause the rack 50 to move rearward (e.g., to the left inFIG. 2 ). The rack 50 may have teeth or other members which engage orinteract with teeth or other members on the pinion gear 52. The teeth ormembers on the pinion gear 52 may also interact with teeth or othermembers on crown gear 54. Movement of the rack 50 may thus causerotation of the pinion gear 52 which may further cause rotation of thecrown gear 54. A coupling 58 couples the crown gear 54 to the catheter60. Thus, rotation of the crown gear 54 causes rotation of the catheter60. Although the actuation system 48 is described as a series of gears,any actuation system which converts the linear motion of the trigger 18to rotational movement of the catheter 60 is contemplated.

The rack 50 may allow for 360° rotation of the pinion gear 52.Alternatively, the rack 50 may allow for a fraction of 360° rotation,such as, for example, 180° rotation, 90° rotation, 270° rotation, oranywhere between 0° rotation and 360° rotation. For example, the rackmay be sized such that actuation of the rack 50 along the pinion gear 52may allow for only partial rotation of the pinion gear 52. The rack 50and trigger 18 may not allow for continuous spinning of the catheter 60.For example, the trigger 18 and rack 50 may be sized and arranged suchthat a single pull of the trigger 18 moves the rack 50 a discretedistance along the pinion gear 52. Additional pulls of the trigger 18may thus be required to continue movement of the rack 50 and thusrotation of the pinion gear 52. Thus, to continue to rotate the catheter60, the trigger 18 may be depressed and released continuously toeffectuate multiple actuations of the actuation system 48.Alternatively, continuous rotation of the catheter 60 with a single pullof the trigger 18 may be provided.

The device 10 may be arranged such that depressing the trigger 18effectuates rotation in one direction (e.g., clockwise orcounter-clockwise) and release of the trigger 18 and the biasing member20 pushing the trigger 18 into the normal, rest position may effectuaterotation in the opposite direction (e.g., the opposite of clockwise orcounter-clockwise). This effect may be caused by the rack 50 movingbackward, causing rotation of the pinion gear 52 in a first directionwhen the trigger 18 is depressed and the rack 50 moving forward when thebiasing member 20 pushes the trigger 18 and thus the rack 50, causingrotation of the pinion gear 52 in a second direction, opposite to thefirst direction. The alternation of the direction of rotation of thecatheter 60 caused by the alternating rotation of the actuation system48 may assist in kicking-up or dislodging material near the cathetertip. Alternatively, the device 10 may cause rotation in a singledirection, continuous non-stopping rotation in a single direction (e.g.,rotation until cessation by a stopping device), and/or continuousnon-stopping rotation in multiple directions.

Rotation of the catheter 60 before, after, or during suction of thedevice 10 may assist in dislodging or kicking-up the material near thedistal tip of the catheter 60. This may assist in removing the materialfrom the vasculature. The dam caused by the external cuff may prevent orprohibit material from traveling distal to the location of the distaltip of the catheter 60. This may assist in ensuring all material isevacuated with the device 10. Although the above is described withrespect to a vasculature (e.g., an artery) of a lower extremity (e.g., aleg) of a patient, the method and device of the present disclosure maybe employed in other locations and/or other vessels, such as forexample, other limbs or locations of the patient that material may bedesired to be removed and/or interventional procedures may be performed.

Although the device 10 is described in conjunction with an occludedvasculature, the device 10 may be employed in a vasculature that is notoccluded. In an example, the device may be used in a purely thrombectomyprocedure. The device 10 may be used in any procedure, whether or notthe vasculature is occluded, that may benefit from the rotational andsuction capabilities of the device 10. Additionally, although describedin conjunction with an external cuff, the device 10 may be employed in aprocedure where no cuff and/or no restriction to the flow in thevasculature is provided. In some examples, restriction to the flow maybe provided in other manners than with an external cuff. In someexamples, no restriction of flow may be desired.

The operational procedure and variations thereof described within thepresent disclosure may be achieved with any of the devices or anycombination of features of the devices described herein.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show an exemplary device 100. The exemplary device 100 maybe the same or similar as the device 10 and similar numerals are reliedupon to describe like components. Components not described in FIGS. 4and 5 may be the same or similar as to like illustrated components indevice 10. The device 100 may be used in the aforementioned method. Thedevice 100 may include a handle 114 and a trigger 118. The trigger 118may operate in a scissors action with respect to the handle 114. Thetrigger 118 may include a pivot 119. The pivot 119 may be a pin or otherfastener or device which allows for a pivoting action of the trigger118. The pivot 119 may be a high pivot point. The pivot 119 may belocated within the housing 16. The pivot 119 may separate or define thetrigger 118 into a handle portion 121 and a moment arm 123.

The device 100 may include an actuation system 148. The actuation system148 may include a linkage 150, a half-moon gear 152, and a crown gear54. The linkage 150, half-moon gear 152, and crown gear 54 may beselected based on the desired degree of rotation based on eachdepression of the trigger 118. The crown gear 54 may be a reductiongear. The crown gear 54 may be sized to achieve a desired number ofrotations of the catheter 60 per actuation of the trigger 118. Thesmaller the crown gear 54, the more rotations of the catheter 60 may beachieved per actuation of the trigger 118.

To rotate the catheter 60, the user may depress the trigger 118. Biasingmember 20 may be in a neutral state when the device 100 is not actuated.Depression of the trigger 118 may extend the biasing member 20. As thetrigger 118 is operatively coupled to the linkage 150, depression of thetrigger 118 may cause the linkage 150 to move forward (e.g., to theright in FIG. 5 ). The linkage 150 may be coupled at a first end 151 tothe trigger 118 and at a second end 153 to the half moon gear 152. Asthe linkage 150 moves forward, the half moon gear 152 may rotate. In theexample of FIG. 5 , the rotation of the half moon gear 152 may becounterclockwise. The half-moon gear 152 may have teeth or other memberswhich engage or interact with teeth or other members on the crown gear54. Movement of the linkage 150 may thus cause rotation of the half-moongear 152 which may further cause rotation of the crown gear 54. Acoupling 58 couples the crown gear 54 to the catheter 60. Thus, rotationof the crown gear 54 causes rotation of the catheter 60. Although theactuation system 148 is described as a linkage and a series of gears,any actuation system which converts the linear motion of the trigger 118to rotational movement of the catheter 60 is contemplated.

The linkage 150 may allow for full rotation of the half-moon gear 152(e.g., 180° rotation). Alternatively, the linkage 150 may allow for afraction of 180° rotation, such as, for example, 90° rotation, 45°rotation, or anywhere between 0° rotation and 180° rotation. The linkage150 may not allow for continuous spinning of the catheter 60. Thus, tocontinue to rotate the catheter 60, the trigger 118 may be depressed andreleased continuously to effectuate multiple actuations of the actuationsystem 148. The device 100 may be arranged such that depressing thetrigger 118 effectuates rotation in one direction (e.g.,counter-clockwise as shown in FIG. 5 ) and release of the trigger 118,and the biasing member 20 moving from the extended, actuated state tothe neutral, rest state pulling the trigger 118 into the normal, restposition may effectuate rotation in the opposite direction (e.g.,clockwise). This effect may be caused by the linkage 150 moving forward,causing rotation of the half-moon gear 152 in a first direction when thetrigger 118 is depressed and the linkage 150 moving backward when thebiasing member 20 pulls the linkage 150, causing rotation of thehalf-moon gear 152 in a second direction, opposite to the firstdirection. The alternation of the direction of rotation of the catheter60 caused by the alternating rotation of the actuation system 148 mayassist in kicking-up or dislodging material near the catheter tip.Alternatively, the device 100 may cause rotation in a single direction,continuous non-stopping rotation in a single direction (e.g., rotationuntil cessation by a stopping device), and/or continuous non-stoppingrotation in multiple directions.

FIGS. 6A-6C show exemplary devices 200 a, 200 b, and 200 c,respectively. The device 200 a of FIG. 6A may include a handle 214 a anda trigger 218 a. The handle 214 a may be a main handle that is coredout. The trigger 218 a may be a lever handle that fits inside thecored-out portion of the handle 214 a. This may allow for maximizedtravel of the trigger, resulting in a greater or maximized degree ofrotation of the gears and, in turn, a greater rotation of the catheter(not shown) per actuation of the trigger 218 a. The device 200 b of FIG.6B may include a handle 214 b and a trigger 218 b. The handle 214 a maybe a paddle handle. The trigger 218 b may be a blade-type trigger thatrecesses into the handle 214 b. The device 200 b may include a window226 b that is open on a top surface of the device 200 b. The device 200c of FIG. 6C may include a handle 214 c and a trigger 218 c. The trigger218 c may be a full loop handle. In each of the devices 200 a, 200 b,and 200 c, the triggers may include high pivot points to enableactuation of the actuating system, such as actuation system 148 of FIG.5 . Thus, any of the example devices of FIGS. 6A-6C may be used with thefeatures of the device 100 or any of the devices described herein.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show an exemplary device 300. The exemplary device 300 maybe the same or similar as the device 10 and similar numerals are reliedupon to describe like components. Components not described in FIGS. 7and 8 may be the same or similar as to like illustrated components indevice 10. The device 300 may be used in the aforementioned method. Thedevice 300 may include a handle 314 and a trigger 318. The trigger mayinclude a pivot 319. The pivot 319 may be a pin or other fastener ordevice which allows for a pivoting action of the trigger 318. The pivot319 may be a low pivot point. The pivot 319 may be located within thehandle 314.

The device 300 may include a valve 336. The valve 336 may be a pushrelease valve. The valve 336 may include a button 340, a shaft 341, abiasing member 343, and a valve member 345. The valve 336 may be biasedto a normally closed position. That is, the valve member 345 may bebiased by the biasing member 343 to obstruct the lumen 46 of the device300. To open the valve 336, a user may depress the button 340 againstthe force of the biasing member 343 such that the shaft 341 moves thevalve member 345 into a space 347 located adjacent to the lumen 46, thuspermitting flow from the lumen 46 through the one-way valve 38 and intothe chamber 22. To close the valve 336, the user may depress the button340. A latch or lock may hold the button 340 and thus the valve 336 inthe open and/or closed position.

The device 300 may include a bellows 324. The bellows 324 may be coupledto a shaft 325 and piston 327. A biasing member 329 may also beincluded. The shaft 325, piston 327, and biasing member 329 may belocated within the chamber 22. To remove air from the chamber 22 tocreate the vacuum or negative pressure in the chamber, a user may pumpor repeatedly press the bellows 324 to evacuate the air from the chamber22 out of an opening in a distal end of the bellows (not visible). Theopening may be a one-way opening that permits removal of air from thechamber 22 but does not allow air to travel through the bellows 324 andinto the chamber 22. Pressing the bellows 324 inward (e.g., to the rightin FIG. 8 ), extends the shaft 325, piston 327, and biasing member 329into the chamber 22. When the bellows 324 is released, the biasingmember 329 may move from the extended position to the neutral position.This action may cause the piston 327 to pull air out of the chamber 22through the opening in the bellows 324. Repeated actuation of thebellows operates the system as a pump to remove air from the chamber 22and create a vacuum therein. As in prior examples, the valve 336 isclosed during the creation of the vacuum in the chamber 22.

The device 300 may include an actuation system 348. The actuation system348 may include a linkage 350, a cam 352, and a cam follower 354. Thelinkage 350, cam 352, and cam follower 354 may be selected based on thedesired degree of rotation based on each depression of the trigger 318.The cam 352 and cam follower 354 may be sized to achieve a desirednumber of rotations of the catheter 60 per actuation of the trigger 318.

To rotate the catheter 60, the user may depress the trigger 318. Biasingmember 20 may be in a neutral state when the device 300 is not actuated.Depression of the trigger 318 may extend the biasing member 20. As thetrigger 318 is operatively coupled to the linkage 350, depression of thetrigger 318 may cause the linkage 350 to move forward (e.g., to theright in FIG. 8 ) The linkage 350 may be coupled at a first end 351 tothe trigger 318 and at a second end 353 to the cam 352. As the linkage350 moves forward, the cam 352 may rotate. In the example of FIG. 8 ,the rotation of the cam 352 may be counterclockwise. The cam 352 mayhave a profile or shape which mates, engages or interacts with a profileor shape of the cam follower 354. Movement of the linkage 350 may thuscause rotation of the cam 352 which may further cause rotation of thecam follower 354. A coupling 58 couples the cam follower 354 to thecatheter 60. Thus, rotation of the cam follower 354 causes rotation ofthe catheter 60. Although the actuation system 348 is described as alinkage and cam arrangement, any actuation system which converts thelinear motion of the trigger 318 to rotational movement of the catheter60 is contemplated.

The linkage 350 may allow for full rotation of the cam 352 (e.g., 360°rotation). Alternatively, the linkage 350 may allow for a fraction of360° rotation, such as, for example, 180° rotation, 270° rotation, 90°rotation, 45° rotation, or anywhere between 0° rotation and 360°rotation. The linkage 350 may not allow for continuous spinning of thecatheter 60. Thus, to continue to rotate the catheter 60, the trigger318 may be depressed and released continuously to effectuate multipleactuations of the actuation system 348. The device 300 may be arrangedsuch that depressing the trigger 318 effectuates rotation in onedirection (e.g., counter-clockwise as shown in FIG. 8 ) and release ofthe trigger 318, and the biasing member 20 moving from the extended,actuated state to the neutral, rest state pulling the trigger 318 intothe normal, rest position may effectuate rotation in the oppositedirection (e.g., clockwise). This effect may be caused by the linkage350 moving forward, causing rotation of the cam 352 in a first directionwhen the trigger 318 is depressed and the linkage 350 moving backwardwhen the biasing member 20 pulls the linkage 350, causing rotation ofthe cam 352 in a second direction, opposite to the first direction. Thealternation of the direction of rotation of the catheter 60 caused bythe alternating rotation of the actuation system 348 may assist inkicking-up or dislodging material near the catheter tip. Alternatively,the device 300 may cause rotation in a single direction, continuousnon-stopping rotation in a single direction (e.g., rotation untilcessation by a stopping device), and/or continuous non-stopping rotationin multiple directions.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show an exemplary device 400. The exemplary device 400may be the same or similar as the device 10 and similar numerals arerelied upon to describe like components. Components not described inFIGS. 9 and 10 may be the same or similar as to like illustratedcomponents in device 10. The device 400 may be used in theaforementioned method. The device 400 may include a handle 414 and atrigger 418. The trigger may include a pivot 419. The pivot 419 may be apin or other fastener or device which allows for a pivoting action ofthe trigger 418. The pivot 419 may be a low pivot point. The pivot 419may be located within the handle 414.

The device 400 may include a pressure release 436. The pressure release436 may be a thumb actuated pressure release. The pressure release 436may be a single hand actuation. The pressure release 436 may be biasedto a closed position. The pressure release 436 may be a normally closedvalve. In an embodiment, the pressure release 436 may be the same orsimilar as the valve 336 of FIG. 8 . The pressure release 436 may be awheel or other rotating member. The pressure release 436 may include anopening in a portion thereof that extends through the pressure release436. When the opening is aligned with the lumen 46, fluid may be allowedto flow through the catheter 60, lumen 46 and out of the device 400 viaa barb 424. When the opening is misaligned with the lumen 46, that is,when a solid portion of the pressure release 436 is aligned in the lumen46 blocking the pathway, no fluid may be allowed to flow through thelumen 46.

The device 400 may include a barb 424. The barb 424 may be a suctionbarb, such as a wall suction barb. The barb 424 may allow for couplingthe device 400 to a supplied suction (not shown). Thus, barb 424 mayallow for suction when the supplied suction (e.g., via a vacuum device)is applied to barb 424. In some examples, the on-demand suction mayoccur whenever the device is turned on and off as suction is needed andthe pressure release 436 may be held in the open position. In someexamples, the on-demand suction may occur when the device is held in anon position and the pressure release 436 is opened and closed whensuction is desired.

The device 400 may include an actuation system 448. The actuation system448 may include a cable drive system. The actuation system 448 mayinclude a cable 450, a post 451, a spindle 452, and a return spring 453.A cable assist 455 may optionally be provided. The post 451 may be apully or device that allows for force to be transferred from the pull ofthe trigger 418 to the spindle 452. The spindle 452 may be a wheel. Thespindle 452 and/or the cable 450 may be selected based on the desireddegree of rotation based on each depression of the trigger 418. Thespindle 452 may be sized to achieve a desired number of rotations of thecatheter 60 per actuation of the trigger 418. The number of rotationsper pull of the trigger 418 may be directly correlated to the diameterof the spindle 452. The cable 450 may be wrapped around a groove ordepression in the outer diameter of the spindle 452. In an example, thecable 450 may be wrapped multiple times around the outer diameter of thespindle 452 to allow for multiple rotations of the catheter 60 per pullof the trigger 418.

To rotate the catheter 60, the user may depress the trigger 418. As thetrigger 418 is operatively coupled to the cable 450, depression of thetrigger 418 may cause the cable 450 to move rearward (e.g., to the leftin FIG. 10 ). The cable 450 may be coupled at a first end 439 to thetrigger 418 and at a second end 457 to the spindle 452. The cable 450may extend around the post 451 at a position between the first end 439and the second end 457. As the cable moves rearward, the spindle 452 mayrotate until the cable 450 is no longer wrapped around the outerdiameter of the spindle 452. Movement of the cable 450 may thus causerotation of the spindle 452. A coupling 58 couples the spindle 452 tothe catheter 60. Thus, rotation of the spindle 452 causes rotation ofthe catheter 60. Although the actuation system 448 is described as cablearrangement, any actuation system which converts the linear motion ofthe trigger 418 to rotational movement of the catheter 60 iscontemplated. When the trigger 418 is no longer depressed, the returnspring 453 may rotate the spindle 452 back to a rest or neutralposition. This may cause the cable 450 to wrap around the outer diameterof the spindle 452, pulling the trigger 418 back into the neutralposition. The cable assist 455 may be a biasing member that may assistin returning the cable to the neutral position. The return spring 453may cause the spindle 452 to rotate in an opposite direction as comparedto the direction of rotation during actuation of the trigger 418.

The cable 450 may allow for full rotation of the spindle 452 (e.g., 360°rotation). Alternatively, the cable 450 may allow for a fraction of 360°rotation, such as, for example, 180° rotation, 270° rotation, 90°rotation, 45° rotation, or anywhere between 0° rotation and 360°rotation and/or for multiples of rotation of the spindle 452 (e.g., 540°rotation). The cable 450 may not allow for continuous spinning of thecatheter 60. Thus, to continue to rotate the catheter 60, the trigger418 may be depressed and released continuously to effectuate multipleactuations of the actuation system 448. The device 400 may be arrangedsuch that depressing the trigger 418 effectuates rotation in onedirection (e.g., clockwise as shown in FIG. 10 ) and release of thetrigger 418, and the motion of the return spring 453, may effectuaterotation in the opposite direction (e.g., counter-clockwise). Thiseffect may be caused by the cable 450 moving backward, causing rotationof the spindle 452 in a first direction when the trigger 418 isdepressed and the cable 450 moving backward when the return spring 453pulls the cable 450 back onto the spindle 452, causing rotation of thespindle 452 in a second direction, opposite to the first direction. Thealternation of the direction of rotation of the catheter 60 caused bythe alternating rotation of the actuation system 448 may assist inkicking-up or dislodging material near the catheter tip. Alternatively,the device 400 may cause rotation in a single direction, continuousnon-stopping rotation in a single direction (e.g., rotation untilcessation by a stopping device), and/or continuous non-stopping rotationin multiple directions.

FIGS. 11A-11F show various catheter tips for the catheter 60. The tips500 a, 500 b, 500 c, 500 d, 500 e, and 500 f may be selected based onthe desired function of the tip, the particular environment in which thecatheter is deployed, the interventional procedure, if any, performed,and the amount of force needed at the distal tip to dislodge thematerial. The tip 500 a may be a chiseled tip. The tip 500 b may be acastle tip. The tip 500 c may be a wave tip. The tip 500 d may be a sawtip. The tip 500 e may be a scallop tip. The tip 500 f may be a knifetip. One or more of the tips may assist in removal of material from thevasculature.

An exemplary actuation system that may be employed to allow forcontinuous rotation of the catheter may be a barrel cam. A barrel cammay be a device having a cam path extending around a circumference of abarrel and a cam follower pin configured to engage the cam path. Thelinear movement caused by actuation of the trigger may engage a camfollower pin that is spring loaded to engage the cam path on the face ofthe barrel. The cam path of the barrel may be a recessed path thattranslates the linear movement of the cam follower pin to rotationalmovement around the catheter axis. The cam path may be stepped toprovide only one continuous path for the spring-loaded cam follower pinto follow and thus may provide continuous rotation in a single directionto the barrel. Connecting the catheter directly to the cannulated barrelmay in turn rotate the catheter continuously. Other linear to rotationalconversion devices may be employed to allow for continuous rotation ofthe catheter and/or intermittent rotation of the catheter as describedpreviously.

Any of the features of the devices described herein may exchange orreplace any of the other features in the devices without departing fromthe disclosure. For example, the trigger of device 100 may be used indevice 10, 200, 300, 400, 700, and 800 and vice-versa. Likewise, theactuation system of device 100 may be used in any of devices 10, 200,300, 400, 700, and 800 and vice-versa.

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary process 600 for using any of the devicesdescribed herein. In step 602, the device (e.g., device 10) may bereadied for use. Step 602 may further include any or all of sub-steps602 a, including, but not limited to, unpacking the device, assemblingthe catheter to the handle, priming the device with saline, closing thevalve (e.g., valve 36), and/or creating the vacuum (e.g., pulling andlocking the plunger). After readying of the device, the user (e.g., aphysician), at step 604, may obtain access to the vasculature to betreated. The user may create a restriction in blood flow at step 606.Alternatively, the restriction in blood flow at step 606 may beperformed prior to gaining access in step 604. The restriction in bloodflow created at step 606 may include any or all of sub-steps 606 a,including, but not limited to, placing a pressure cuff, applyingpressure to the vasculature, monitoring blood pressure, monitoring cuffpressure, adjusting pressure in the vasculature based on the bloodpressure measured and/or based on the cuff pressure monitored. Forexample, if the blood pressure is not less than the cuff pressure, thenthe pressure in vasculature may be adjusted.

With continued reference to FIG. 12 , the user may perform aninterventional procedure at step 608. As discussed previously, this stepmay be optional and the user may instead use the device 10 without aninterventional device such as used in step 608.

The user, at step 610, may deliver the catheter (e.g., catheter 60) ofthe device over a guidewire and through a sheath and at step 612, mayremove the guidewire. Step 612 may be optional and the guidewire mayremain during use of the device. With the device in the proper location,the user may begin operation of the device. This may include opening thevalve to initiate the suction to remove material at step 614 a,actuating the trigger to initiate rotation of the catheter at step 614b, and/or moving the device longitudinally to and fro (e.g., proximaland distal movement) at step 614 c. Any or all of steps 614 a, 614 b,and 614 c may be performed, in any order, sequentially, simultaneously,or may be omitted.

At step 616, the chamber (by way of the view window) may be monitoredfor collection of materials. When the desired amount of material isremoved, the user may remove the system from the sheath at step 618. Theprocedure may be repeated as necessary at the same or differentlocations. When completed, the cuff may be removed. If, in step 616, thechamber is completely filled, the chamber may be emptied and a suctionre-established to continue removal of material as necessary.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show another exemplary device 700. According to thisembodiment, a helical screw pattern is utilized to transmit linearmotion of the trigger 718 into rotational motion of a gear/driver 752,as described in further detail below. One of the advantages of thisembodiment, is that the liquid flow path or lumen 746 is separated fromthe actuation system 748 or rotational drive mechanism that includes ahelix 755 and shuttles 750, 751 by a gear set 752, 754. This reduces thecomplexity of the rotating components and ensures that the rotationalcomponents do not pass bodily fluids and are, therefore, not required tomeet the same biocompatibility requirements as the liquid path.

The exemplary device 700 of FIGS. 13 and 14 may be the same or similaras the device 10 and similar numerals are relied upon to describe likecomponents. Components not described in FIGS. 13 and 14 may be the sameor similar as to like illustrated components in device 10. The device700 may be used in the aforementioned method. The device 700 may includea handle 714 and a trigger 718. The trigger 718 may include a pivot 719.The pivot 719 may be a pin or other fastener or device which allows fora pivoting action of the trigger 718. The pivot 719 may be a low pivotpoint. The pivot 719 may be located within the handle 714.

In this embodiment, the handle 714 includes the trigger 718 and abiasing member 720, in the form of a spring, such as a coil spring,although other biasing devices are contemplated. The biasing member 720may begin in a neutral state to be compressed by the trigger 718 duringactuation of the device 700. When force is released from the trigger718, the compressed biasing member 720 may extend back to the neutralstate.

The rotating component of the liquid flow path or lumen 746 of thisembodiment is the gear/driver 752, which is separated from the valve 736(e.g., a manual stop valve or non-rotating stopcock) and the plunger 724(e.g., locking syringe) by a rotating seal 756. This rotating seal 756is configured to provide a leak-free flow path along the lumen 746,while allowing free rotation between the ends of the device 700. Thehousing 716 supports and locates the components of the actuation system748 or rotational drive mechanism and bearings/bushings may be added toreduce friction and ease rotation.

When the trigger 718 is actuated, it moves a free shuttle 751. The freeshuttle 751 engages with and drives a drive shuttle 750, which featuresan internal helical pattern matching that of the helix 755. When thedrive shuttle 750 passes over the helix 755, it causes the helix 755 torotate around a drive shaft 766. This rotation spins the gear 754, whichdrives the gear/driver 752, to which a catheter is connected (see, e.g.,catheter 60 of FIGS. 2 and 5 ) via a coupling 758. The biasing member720 (e.g., compression spring) returns the shuttles 750, 751 and thetrigger 718 to their starting positions at the front of the device 700(i.e., the right side of the device 700 in FIG. 14 ) after each triggeractuation. The teeth by which the drive shuttle 750 and the free shuttle751 engage can be configured such that only rotation in one direction isallowed. According to one embodiment, it is advantageous to the functionof the actuation system 748 or rotational drive mechanism that thecatheter (e.g., catheter 60) rotate unidirectionally, so as the biasingmember 720 (e.g., compression spring) returns the shuttles 750, 751 andthe trigger 718 to their starting positions, the drive shuttle 750 willrotate freely around the helix 755 without engaging the free shuttle 751or causing the helix 755 or gear/driver 752 to rotate. This motion maybe repeated throughout the duration of the aspiration.

According to this embodiment, the aspiration process is simplified bythe integration of a plunger 724 (e.g., locking syringe) and a valve 736(e.g., stopcock). To create vacuum pressure, the valve 736 (e.g.,stopcock) is set to a “closed” position, by depressing knob 740, andplunger 724 (e.g., locking syringe) is drawn. Rotation of the plunger724 (e.g., locking syringe) allows it to lock in place, resisting theclosing force created by the vacuum. The user may then proceed withother aspects of the procedure. For example, to remove emboli, the userwill begin rotation with one hand via the trigger 718 and subsequentlyopen the valve 736 (e.g., stopcock) with the other hand, using the knob740, to release suction and begin aspiration of emboli. Theaforementioned features of the embodiment of the device illustrated inFIGS. 13 and 14 allow for separation of the mechanisms of suction androtation, while allowing for simultaneous suction and rotation, with theability to begin rotation prior to suction, in order to agitate/disperseemboli prior to aspiration.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show another exemplary device 800. According to thisembodiment, a bevel gear set 852, 854 is utilized, along with a constantforce spring 855 and a one-way locking bearing 880 to transmit linearmotion of the trigger 818 into rotational motion of a coupling 858(e.g., luer adapter), which is generally attached to a catheter (see,e.g., catheter 60 of FIGS. 2 and 5 ). One of the advantages of thisembodiment, is that the liquid flow path or lumen 846 is separated fromthe actuation system 848 or rotational drive mechanism that includes theconstant-force spring 855 and one-way locking bearing 880. According tothis embodiment, the complexity of the rotating components is reduced,while ensuring that the rotational components do not pass bodily fluidsand are, therefore, not required to meet the same biocompatibilityrequirements as the liquid path.

The exemplary device 800 of FIGS. 15 and 16 may be the same or similaras the device 10 and similar numerals are relied upon to describe likecomponents. Components not described in FIGS. 15 and 16 may be the sameor similar as to like illustrated components in device 10. The device800 may be used in the aforementioned method. The device 800 may includea handle 814 and a trigger 818. The trigger 818 may include a pivot 819.The pivot 819 may be a pin or other fastener or device which allows fora pivoting action of the trigger 818. The pivot 819 may be a low pivotpoint. The pivot 819 may be located within the handle 814.

In this embodiment, the handle 814 includes the trigger 818 and abiasing member 820, in the form of a pin, although other biasing devicesare contemplated. The biasing member 820 (e.g., pin) may start at aninitial position to be biased by the trigger 818 during actuation of thedevice 800. When force is released from the trigger 818, the biasingmember 820 (e.g., pin) may return to its initial position.

The rotating component of the liquid flow path or lumen 846 of thisembodiment is the coupling 858 (e.g., luer adapter). The coupling 858 isseparated from the valve 836 (e.g., a manual stop valve or non-rotatingstopcock) and the plunger 824 (e.g., locking syringe) by a rotating seal856. The rotating seal 856 is configured to provide a leak-free flowpath along the lumen 846, while allowing free rotation between the endsof the device 800. A small bevel gear 852 is fixed axially to theoutside of one end of the rotating seal 856, which allows the gear 852to drive rotation, while remaining separated from bodily fluids. Thehousing 816 supports/locates the components of the actuation system 848or rotational drive mechanism and bearings/bushings may be added toreduce friction and ease rotation.

When the trigger 818 is actuated, it pulls/uncoils the constant-forcespring 855, via the biasing member 820 (e.g., pin). The constant-forcespring 855 is coiled around a one-way locking bearing 880. According toone embodiment, the one-way locking bearing 880 allows free rotation inone direction, but locks to prevent rotation in the other direction. Theone-way bearing 880 is generally oriented such that it will lock in thedirection of uncoiling of the constant-force spring 855. This locking ofthe one-way bearing 880 turns the drive shaft 866 and large bevel gear854, which engages with and rotates the small bevel gear 852 to drivethe coupling 858 (e.g., luer adapter) and any catheter (see, e.g.,catheter 60 of FIGS. 2 and 5 ) to which the coupling 858 may beconnected. According to one embodiment, it is advantageous to thefunction of the actuation system 848 or rotational drive mechanism thatthe catheter (e.g., catheter 60), via coupling 858 (e.g., luer adapter),rotates unidirectionally, so as the trigger 818 is returned to itsstarting position by the coiling force of the constant-force spring 855,the one-way locking bearing 880 will freely rotate about the drive shaft866 and allow the constant-force spring 855 to coil without rotating thedrive shaft 866 or any other rotating components. This motion may berepeated throughout the duration of the aspiration.

According to this embodiment, the aspiration process is simplified bythe integration of a plunger 824 (e.g., locking syringe) and a valve 836(e.g., stopcock). To create vacuum pressure, the valve 836 (e.g.,stopcock) is set to a “closed” position, by depressing knob 840, andplunger 824 (e.g., locking syringe) is drawn. Rotation of the plunger824 (e.g., locking syringe) allows it to lock in place, resisting theclosing force created by the vacuum. The user may then proceed withother aspects of the procedure. For example, to remove emboli, the userwill begin rotation with one hand via the trigger 818 and subsequentlyopen the valve 836 (e.g., stopcock) with the other hand, using the knob840, to release suction and begin aspiration of emboli. Theaforementioned features of the embodiment of the device illustrated inFIGS. 15 and 16 allow for separation of the mechanisms of suction androtation, while allowing for simultaneous suction and rotation, with theability to begin rotation prior to suction, in order to agitate/disperseemboli prior to aspiration.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show another exemplary device 900. According to thisembodiment, a helical screw pattern is utilized to transmit linearmotion of the trigger 918 into rotational motion of a gear/driver 952,as described in further detail below. One of the advantages of thisembodiment, is that the liquid flow path or lumen 946 is separated fromthe actuation system 948, also referred to as a rotational drivemechanism, that includes a gear set 952, 954 free shuttle 951, driveshuttle 950, slip ring 953, helix 955, and biasing member 920 by thegear set 952, 954. This reduces the complexity of the rotatingcomponents and ensures that the rotational components do not pass bodilyfluids and are therefore not required to meet the same biocompatibilityrequirements as the liquid path.

The exemplary device 900 of FIGS. 17 and 18 may be the same or similaras the device 10 and similar numerals are relied upon to describe likecomponents. Components not described in FIGS. 17 and 18 may be the sameor similar as to like illustrated components in device 10. The device900 may be used in the aforementioned method. The device 900 may includea handle 914 and a trigger 918. The trigger 918 may include a pivot 919.The pivot 919 may be a pin or other fastener or device which allows fora pivoting action of the trigger 918. The pivot 919 may be a low pivotpoint. The pivot 919 may be located within the handle 914.

In this embodiment, the handle 914 includes the trigger 918 and abiasing member 920, in the form of a compression spring, such as a coilspring, although other biasing devices are contemplated. The biasingmember 920 may begin in a neutral state to be compressed by the trigger918 during actuation of the device 900. When force is released from thetrigger 918, the compressed biasing member 920 may extend back to theneutral state.

The rotating component of the liquid flow path or lumen 946 of thisembodiment is the gear/driver 952, which is separated from the valve 936(e.g., a manual stop valve or non-rotating stopcock) and the plunger 924(e.g., locking syringe) by a rotating seal 956. This rotating seal 956is configured to provide a leak-free flow path along the lumen 946,while allowing free rotation between the ends of the device 900. Thehousing 916 supports and locates the components of the actuation system948 or rotational drive mechanism and bearings/bushings may be added toreduce friction and ease rotation. The plunger 924, also referred to asa locking syringe 924, is non-rotating. The seal 956 allows the proximalend of the valve 936, containing the valve, to remain stationary.

When the trigger 918 is actuated, it moves a free shuttle 951. The freeshuttle 951 engages with and drives a drive shuttle 950, which featuresan internal helical pattern matching that of the helix 955. When thedrive shuttle 950 passes over the helix 955, it causes the helix 955 torotate. This rotation spins the gear 954, which may be a helix gear 954,which drives the gear/driver 952, to which a catheter is connected (see,e.g., catheter 60 of FIGS. 2 and 5 ) via a coupling 958. The biasingmember 920 (e.g., compression spring) returns the shuttles 950, 951 andthe trigger 918 to their starting positions at the front of the device900 (i.e., the right side of the device 900 in FIG. 17 ) after eachtrigger actuation. The slip ring 953 may reduce friction between thebiasing member 920 and the drive shuttle 950. The teeth by which thedrive shuttle 950 and the free shuttle 951 engage can be configured suchthat only rotation in one direction is allowed. According to oneembodiment, it is advantageous to the function of the actuation system948 or rotational drive mechanism that the catheter (e.g., catheter 60)rotate unidirectionally, so as the biasing member 920 (e.g., compressionspring) returns the shuttles 950, 951 and the trigger 918 to theirstarting positions, the drive shuttle 950 will rotate freely around thehelix 955 without engaging the free shuttle 951 or causing the helix 955or gear/driver 952 to rotate. This motion may be repeated throughout theduration of the aspiration.

According to this embodiment, the aspiration process is simplified bythe integration of a plunger 924 (e.g., locking syringe) and a valve 936(e.g., stopcock). To create vacuum pressure, the valve 936 (e.g.,stopcock) is set to a “closed” position, by depressing knob 940, andplunger 924 (e.g., locking syringe) is drawn. Rotation of the plunger924 (e.g., locking syringe) allows it to lock in place, resisting theclosing force created by the vacuum. The user may then proceed withother aspects of the procedure. For example, to remove emboli, the userwill begin rotation with one hand via the trigger 918 and subsequentlyopen the valve 936 (e.g., stopcock) with the other hand, using the knob940, to release suction and begin aspiration of emboli. Theaforementioned features of the embodiment of the device illustrated inFIGS. 17 and 18 allow for separation of the mechanisms of suction androtation, while allowing for simultaneous suction and rotation, with theability to begin rotation prior to suction, in order to agitate/disperseemboli prior to aspiration. Accordingly, as shown and described withrespect to FIGS. 17 and 18 , the device 900 includes a drive pathconfigured to translate linear movement to rotational movement, asuction path configured to create a controlled suction to remove thematerial from the vasculature, and a catheter coupled to the drive pathand the suction path. The suction path is parallel to and offset fromthe drive path.

The device of the present disclosure may allow for the removal ofmaterial from a remote location in the vasculature. The combination ofthe suction and rotation of the device may enhance the ability to removematerial resulting in clearer vasculatures as compared to prior artdevices. In an example of such a remote location, the device may be usedin the artery of a lower extremity (e.g., a leg) in combination with anexternal cuff. The external cuff may create a dam preventing materialfrom flowing throughout the body. With the external cuff in place, thedevice of the present disclosure may be utilized to fully clear anymaterial from the vasculature at the location of the distal tip of thecatheter of the device and/or at the location of an interventionalprocedure.

The device of the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with ablood pressure cuff placed distal to the vasculature being treated tostop the blood flow from going distal in the vasculature. A clot,thrombus, and distal emboli that can flow distally can cause additionalproblems if left in the vasculature. By placing the cuff distally, suchadditional problems may be avoided. The device may remove the material(e.g., clot, thrombus, emboli, or debris) therefrom.

As described herein, the device may remove material from within avasculature. The material may be, but is not limited to, a clot,thrombus, emboli, obstruction, particles, fluid, plaque, debris, debrisfrom an interventional procedure, or other material located in avasculature. Although described in conjunction with an interventionalprocedure, the device itself may be used to perform the interventionalprocedure. That is, in one example, an interventional procedure maydislodge or destroy an obstruction in the vasculature and the device ofthe present disclosure may be employed to remove the debris caused bythe interventional procedure. In another example, the device itself maydislodge or destroy the obstruction in the vasculature and may besubsequently, or simultaneously, remove debris caused by the dislodgingor destruction.

The device of the present disclosure may comprise three core elements: acatheter, a proximal rotating element, and a negative pressure element.The catheter may be a braided, over-the-wire catheter with about a 4French inner diameter and a 5 French outer diameter. The catheter mayinclude a PTFE lined core and a tapered tip. The catheter may be 6French guiding sheath compatible. The catheter may be sterile. Theproximal rotating element may be secured to the catheter via a catheterhub. The proximal rotating element may be a mechanical tool whichimparts rotational energy to the catheter. The proximal rotating elementmay include a central lumen to connect to the catheter distally and thenegative pressure element proximally. The proximal rotating element maybe sterile. The negative pressure element may be a simple, largecapacity locking syringe with a two-way stop-cock or one of the devicesdescribed herein. The negative pressure element may be securely attachedto the proximal rotating element. The negative pressure element may besterile.

In an example method, upon removing from the sterile pouch andassembling the catheter and proximal rotating element, the device may beprimed with heparinized saline. The device may be introduced over acompatible guidewire (for example, 0.014″, 0.018″ or 0.035″) into theperipheral vasculature through a 6 F sheath. The catheter may bedelivered over the guidewire to the distal portion of the treated area.The delivery guidewire may be removed. The negative pressure element maybe prepared by attaching the stopcock in the closed position. Theplunger may be pulled back fully and locked to generate the fullcapacity of negative pressure. The negative pressure element may beattached to a proximal end of the proximal rotating element. Theproximal rotating element may be engaged to impart rotational energy tothe catheter and the stopcock may be opened to impart suction at thedistal tip of the catheter to loosen and remove material, such as, forexample, a thrombus and/or distal emboli. Upon reaching full capacity ofthe negative pressure element, the syringe (e.g., the device of thepresent disclosure) may be removed from the treatment zone and thecontents may be emptied into a 30-50 μm filter. The process may berepeated prior as necessary prior to removing the system from theguiding sheath.

The cuff may be put on the patient any time prior to the intervention(e.g., work on the diseased artery is started). The cuff may be put onthe patient when the patient is first prepared for the procedure. Thecuff may be inflated prior to the intervention to stop blood flow priorto and during the intervention to keep thrombus, clot, or debris fromflowing past the diseased area/cuff and removed by the device of thepresent disclosure. The cuff may then be deflated after the procedureand/or after an angiogram that confirms the positive results of theintervention and removal of the material via the device. If moreinterventional work is needed the cuff may be re-inflated to repeat theprocedure as needed to fully remove the material from the vasculature.

Use of language such as “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” “at least one ofX, Y, or Z,” “at least one or more of X, Y, and Z,” “at least one ormore of X, Y, or Z,” “at least one or more of X, Y, and/or Z,” or “atleast one of X, Y, and/or Z,” are intended to be inclusive of both asingle item (just X, or just Y, or just Z) and multiple items (i.e., {Xand Y}, {X and Z}, {Y and Z}, or {X, Y, and Z}). “At least one of” isnot intended to convey a requirement that each possible item must bepresent.

Although the foregoing description is directed to the preferredembodiments of the invention, it is noted that other variations andmodifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and may bemade without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.Moreover, features described in connection with one embodiment of theinvention may be used in conjunction with other embodiments, even if notexplicitly stated above.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A handheld device for removing materialfrom a vasculature, the handheld device comprising: a catheter having acatheter lumen, a proximal end, and a distal tip; a proximal rotatingelement having a trigger configured to generate a linear motion, theproximal rotating element coupled to the proximal end of the catheterand configured to rotate the catheter; a negative pressure elementhaving a chamber and a valve, the negative pressure element configuredto create a controlled suction within the chamber to remove the materialfrom the vasculature and the valve configured to control the suction inthe chamber; and a lumen extending from the proximal end of thecatheter, through the proximal rotating element, and to the chamber ofthe negative pressure element, the lumen configured to transmit thematerial from the catheter lumen to the chamber, wherein the distal tipof the catheter is configured to rotate to assist in removal of thematerial from the vasculature, wherein the negative pressure element andthe chamber are configured to remain stationary during rotation of theproximal rotating element and the catheter, and wherein the proximalrotating element comprises an actuation system configured to translatethe linear motion into a rotational motion, the rotational motionconfigured to rotate the catheter, wherein the actuation system isseparated from a flow path of the lumen configured to contain thematerial being removed from the vasculature.
 2. The handheld device ofclaim 1, further comprising a rotational seal, the rotational sealconfigured to allow the negative pressure element to remain stationaryduring rotation of the proximal rotating element and the catheter. 3.The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the negative pressure elementcomprises a locking plunger.
 4. The handheld device of claim 1, whereinthe lumen comprises a conduit extending from the catheter to thenegative pressure element.
 5. The handheld device of claim 1, whereinthe distal tip is configured to dislodge the material within thevasculature.
 6. The handheld device of claim 1, further comprising afree shuttle, a helix, and a drive shuttle having an internal helicalpattern matching that of the helix, wherein the free shuttle engageswith and drives the drive shuttle, and wherein the drive shuttle isconfigured to pass over the helix causing the helix to rotate when thetrigger is actuated.
 7. The handheld device of claim 6, furthercomprising a biasing member configured to return the free shuttle andthe drive shuttle to a starting position.
 8. The handheld device ofclaim 7, wherein the drive shuttle rotates freely around the helix whenreturning to the starting position without engaging the free shuttle orcausing the helix to rotate.
 9. The handheld device of claim 6, whereinthe drive shuttle has teeth to engage corresponding teeth on the freeshuttle, and wherein the teeth are configured to allow rotation in onedirection only.
 10. The handheld device claim 6, further comprising agear set, wherein the drive shuttle and the free shuttle are configuredto rotate the helix, and wherein the helix is configured to rotate thegear set and the drive shuttle and the free shuttle are configured tomove axially along the helix.
 11. The handheld device of claim 6,further comprising a suction path and a drive path, the suction pathcomprising the negative pressure element and the lumen and the drivepath comprising the free shuttle, the helix, and the drive shuttle,wherein the suction path is parallel to and offset from the drive path.12. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the valve is a one-wayvalve.
 13. A handheld device for removing material from a vasculature,the handheld device comprising: a catheter; an actuation system forrotating the catheter, the actuation system including: a helix; a driveshuttle having an internal helical pattern matching that of the helix; atrigger configured to move the drive shuttle along the helix from afirst position to a second position; and a biasing member configured tomove the drive shuttle along the helix from the second position to thefirst position; and a non-rotating negative pressure element configuredto create a controlled suction to remove the material from thevasculature, wherein movement of the drive shuttle from the firstposition to the second position causes rotation of the helix and thecatheter, and wherein a central axis of each of the biasing member, thehelix, and the drive shuttle are coincident.
 14. The handheld device ofclaim 13, wherein the trigger is configured for linear motion, andwherein the actuation system translates the linear motion into arotation motion configured to rotate the catheter.
 15. The handhelddevice of claim 13, wherein the drive shuttle does not rotate from thefirst position to the second position.
 16. The handheld device of claim13, the actuation system further comprising a free shuttle drivinglyconnected between the trigger and the drive shuttle, wherein actuationof the trigger moves the free shuttle axially, which drives the driveshuttle from the first position to the second position.
 17. The handhelddevice of claim 16, wherein the biasing member moves the free shuttleand the drive shuttle from the second position to the first position,and wherein the drive shuttle freely rotates when moving from the secondposition to the first position without rotating the helix.
 18. Thehandheld device of claim 16, wherein the drive shuttle has teeth toengage corresponding teeth on the free shuttle, and wherein the teethare configured to allow rotation in one direction only.
 19. The handhelddevice of claim 16, wherein the drive shuttle and the free shuttle areconfigured to move axially along the helix.
 20. The handheld device ofclaim 13, further comprising a suction path and a drive path, thesuction path comprising the non-rotating negative pressure element andthe drive path comprising the helix and the drive shuttle, wherein thesuction path is parallel to and offset from the drive path.
 21. Thehandheld device of claim 13, wherein the non-rotating negative pressureelement comprises a locking syringe with a chamber and a valve, thevalve configured to control a suction within the chamber.
 22. Thehandheld device of claim 13, further comprising a lumen extending from aproximal end of the catheter to the non-rotating negative pressureelement, the lumen configured to transmit the material from the catheterto the non-rotating negative pressure element, and wherein the actuationsystem is separated from a flow path of the lumen configured to containthe material being removed from the vasculature.
 23. A handheld devicefor removing material from a vasculature, the handheld devicecomprising: a drive path configured to translate linear movement torotational movement; and a suction path configured to create acontrolled suction to remove the material from the vasculature; and acatheter coupled to the drive path and the suction path, wherein thesuction path is parallel to and offset from the drive path.
 24. Thehandheld device of claim 23, wherein the drive path comprises a driveshuttle, a free shuttle, a helix, and a compression spring, each havinga central axis coincident with a central axis of the drive path, andwherein the free shuttle and the drive shuttle are configured for axialmovement along the helix to generate rotational movement of the helix.25. The handheld device of claim 24, wherein the drive shuttle has aninternal helical pattern matching that of the helix such that the axialmovement of the drive shuttle causes rotation of the helix.
 26. Thehandheld device of claim 24, wherein the compression spring isconfigured to return the free shuttle and the drive shuttle to astarting position, and wherein the drive shuttle rotates freely aroundthe helix when returning to the starting position without engaging thefree shuttle or causing the helix to rotate.
 27. The handheld device ofclaim 24, wherein the drive shuttle does not rotate when causingrotation of the helix.
 28. The handheld device of claim 24, wherein thesuction path comprises a locking syringe, a valve, and a lumen, whereinthe valve is configured to selectively allow fluid communication betweenthe lumen and the locking syringe.
 29. A handheld device for removingmaterial from a vasculature, the handheld device comprising: a catheterhaving a catheter lumen, a proximal end, and a distal tip; a proximalrotating element having a trigger configured to generate a linearmotion, the proximal rotating element coupled to the proximal end of thecatheter and configured to rotate the catheter; a negative pressureelement having a chamber and a valve, the negative pressure elementconfigured to create a controlled suction within the chamber to removethe material from the vasculature and the valve configured to controlthe suction in the chamber; a lumen extending from the proximal end ofthe catheter, through the proximal rotating element, and to the chamberof the negative pressure element, the lumen configured to transmit thematerial from the catheter lumen to the chamber; a free shuttle; ahelix; a drive shuttle having an internal helical pattern matching thatof the helix; and a biasing member configured to return the free shuttleand the drive shuttle to a starting position, wherein the distal tip ofthe catheter is configured to rotate to assist in removal of thematerial from the vasculature, wherein the negative pressure element andthe chamber are configured to remain stationary during rotation of theproximal rotating element and the catheter, wherein the free shuttleengages with and drives the drive shuttle and the drive shuttle isconfigured to pass over the helix causing the helix to rotate when thetrigger is actuated, and wherein the drive shuttle rotates freely aroundthe helix when returning to the starting position without engaging thefree shuttle or causing the helix to rotate.
 30. A handheld device forremoving material from a vasculature, the handheld device comprising: acatheter having a catheter lumen, a proximal end, and a distal tip; aproximal rotating element having a trigger configured to generate alinear motion, the proximal rotating element coupled to the proximal endof the catheter and configured to rotate the catheter; a negativepressure element having a chamber and a valve, the negative pressureelement configured to create a controlled suction within the chamber toremove the material from the vasculature and the valve configured tocontrol the suction in the chamber; a lumen extending from the proximalend of the catheter, through the proximal rotating element, and to thechamber of the negative pressure element, the lumen configured totransmit the material from the catheter lumen to the chamber; a freeshuttle; a helix; and a drive shuttle having an internal helical patternmatching that of the helix, wherein the distal tip of the catheter isconfigured to rotate to assist in removal of the material from thevasculature, wherein the negative pressure element and the chamber areconfigured to remain stationary during rotation of the proximal rotatingelement and the catheter, wherein the free shuttle engages with anddrives the drive shuttle, and wherein the drive shuttle is configured topass over the helix causing the helix to rotate when the trigger isactuated, and wherein (i) the drive shuttle has teeth to engagecorresponding teeth on the free shuttle, and wherein the teeth areconfigured to allow rotation in one direction only or (ii) the handhelddevice further comprises a gear set, wherein the drive shuttle and thefree shuttle are configured to rotate the helix, and wherein the helixis configured to rotate the gear set and the drive shuttle and the freeshuttle are configured to move axially along the helix, or (iii) thehandheld device further comprises a suction path and a drive path, thesuction path comprising the negative pressure element and the lumen andthe drive path comprising the free shuttle, the helix, and the driveshuttle, wherein the suction path is parallel to and offset from thedrive path.
 31. A handheld device for removing material from avasculature, the handheld device comprising: a catheter; an actuationsystem for rotating the catheter, the actuation system including: ahelix; a drive shuttle having an internal helical pattern matching thatof the helix; a trigger configured to move the drive shuttle along thehelix from a first position to a second position; and a biasing memberconfigured to move the drive shuttle along the helix from the secondposition to the first position; and a non-rotating negative pressureelement configured to create a controlled suction to remove the materialfrom the vasculature, wherein movement of the drive shuttle from thefirst position to the second position causes rotation of the helix andthe catheter, and wherein the drive shuttle does not rotate from thefirst position to the second position.
 32. A handheld device forremoving material from a vasculature, the handheld device comprising: acatheter; an actuation system for rotating the catheter, the actuationsystem including: a helix; a drive shuttle having an internal helicalpattern matching that of the helix; a trigger configured to move thedrive shuttle along the helix from a first position to a secondposition; a biasing member configured to move the drive shuttle alongthe helix from the second position to the first position; and a freeshuttle drivingly connected between the trigger and the drive shuttle,wherein actuation of the trigger moves the free shuttle axially, whichdrives the drive shuttle from the first position to the second position;and a non-rotating negative pressure element configured to create acontrolled suction to remove the material from the vasculature, whereinmovement of the drive shuttle from the first position to the secondposition causes rotation of the helix and the catheter, and wherein (i)the biasing member moves the free shuttle and the drive shuttle from thesecond position to the first position, and wherein the drive shuttlefreely rotates when moving from the second position to the firstposition without rotating the helix, or (ii) the drive shuttle has teethto engage corresponding teeth on the free shuttle, and wherein the teethare configured to allow rotation in one direction only, or (iii) thedrive shuttle and the free shuttle are configured to move axially alongthe helix.
 33. A handheld device for removing material from avasculature, the handheld device comprising: a catheter; an actuationsystem for rotating the catheter, the actuation system including: ahelix; a drive shuttle having an internal helical pattern matching thatof the helix; a trigger configured to move the drive shuttle along thehelix from a first position to a second position; and a biasing memberconfigured to move the drive shuttle along the helix from the secondposition to the first position; and a non-rotating negative pressureelement configured to create a controlled suction to remove the materialfrom the vasculature, wherein movement of the drive shuttle from thefirst position to the second position causes rotation of the helix andthe catheter, and wherein the handheld device further comprises asuction path and a drive path, the suction path comprising thenon-rotating negative pressure element and the drive path comprising thehelix and the drive shuttle, wherein the suction path is parallel to andoffset from the drive path.
 34. A handheld device for removing materialfrom a vasculature, the handheld device comprising: a catheter; anactuation system for rotating the catheter, the actuation systemincluding: a helix; a drive shuttle having an internal helical patternmatching that of the helix; a trigger configured to move the driveshuttle along the helix from a first position to a second position; anda biasing member configured to move the drive shuttle along the helixfrom the second position to the first position; a non-rotating negativepressure element configured to create a controlled suction to remove thematerial from the vasculature; and a lumen extending from a proximal endof the catheter to the non-rotating negative pressure element, the lumenconfigured to transmit the material from the catheter to thenon-rotating negative pressure element, wherein the actuation system isseparated from a flow path of the lumen configured to contain thematerial being removed from the vasculature, wherein movement of thedrive shuttle from the first position to the second position causesrotation of the helix and the catheter.